Hypogonadism refers to a condition in which the body does not produce enough testosterone. This occurs when the testes or ovaries do not function properly.
The main signs and symptoms of hypogonadism differ slightly between males and females but include:
For males:
- Decreased facial and body hair
- Development of breast tissue
- Low libido and erectile dysfunction
- Fatigue
- Mood changes like depression or irritability
For females:
- Infrequent or absent periods
- Infertility
- Decreased sex drive
- Hot flashes
- Vaginal dryness
There are two main types of hypogonadism:
- Primary hypogonadism occurs when the testes or ovaries themselves do not function properly due to problems such as genetic disorders, undescended testicles, or chromosomal abnormalities.
- Secondary hypogonadism happens when other glands like the pituitary or hypothalamus malfunction, leading to decreased signals to the gonads.
Hypogonadism is typically treated using testosterone replacement therapy in males and estrogen and progesterone replacement in females. The exact treatment depends on the underlying cause and whether the patient wants to preserve fertility or not.
Some key facts about hypogonadism:
- It can begin at birth due to genetics but often develops later in life.
- In addition to sex hormone treatments, lifestyle changes like improving diet or increasing exercise may help relieve symptoms.
- Without treatment, osteoporosis, heart disease risk, and other issues can occur.